Expectations for Trump’s second term in the White House from an Ethiopian-American politician

This month saw Donald Trump win his second term in the White House. As with his 2016 campaign, the Republican president-elect has pledged to make sweeping changes to domestic and foreign policy once he takes office for the second time in January 2025.

Among these forthcoming changes are extensive cutbacks and reforms in the US federal executive organ, shifts in immigration policy, including proposals for mass deportations and the termination of programs such as the US Diversity Visa (DV), a change in stance on the Ukraine conflict, and redoubled economic pressure in China.

Trump’s plans for foreign policy, particularly toward the Horn of Africa and Ethiopia, are not yet clear. His last term saw the US involved in disputes over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), with the president appearing biased towards the Egyptian side.

This time around, the GERD dispute is joined by the MoU with Somaliland and the latter’s quest for sovereignty on the list of crucial agendas that could be heavily influenced by US foreign policy in the Horn.

Among those keeping a close eye on the developments is Ted Alemayehu, an Ethiopian-born US citizen and former congressional candidate, founder and executive chairman of US Doctors for Africa (USDFA), founder of the African First Ladies Health Summit, former adviser, and contributor to the formations of the African Union (AU) Foundation.

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Ted is also a recipient of the United Nations’ 2008 Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award, a recipient of the 2008 Columbia University’s The Harriet Tubman Freedom & Lifetime Achievement Award, the 2008-NASDAQ Honoree, and a recipient of the 2004 African Community-USA Award.

The Reporter’s Sisay Sahlu spoke to Ted about his expectations for Trump’s second term in office, his political journey in the US as an independent-turned-Republican, the Ethiopian Diaspora’s political involvement and influence, Washington’s plans for Ethiopia and the Horn, and other relevant issues. EXCERPTS:

The Reporter: Tell us about yourself, your life in the US, your political career, and other professional pursuits.

Ted Alemayehu: I have been fortunate enough to live a life of full health, deep passion and commitment to make a difference in the environment that I live in and the place where I came from. Ever since I arrived in the United States over 36 years ago as a 16 year old lad, I have always been thinking about and working towards making a difference in the county that had welcomed me with a warm heart and incredible opportunity, as well as the country where I was born, my beloved Ethiopia.

Although my professional life had started in the accounting and hospitality industry, I quickly realized that my life had a different purpose and I decided to pursue non-profit work in order to contribute to the global effort to combat the HIV/AIDS crisis.

In 2002, I launched an organization called US Doctors for Africa (USDFA) in order to help facilitate medical missions and urgently needed medical equipment, supplies, and other life-saving resources to hospitals and other healthcare centers throughout the African continent. My team and I worked closely with US and Africa based partners for nearly 19 years to help materialize our mission. Nearly 30 countries throughout the continent benefited from our work and millions of dollars’ worth of healthcare materials and supplies were sent to several countries, including to Angola, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Senegal, Cameroon and South Africa. My organization was also the first to deploy a mobile clinic in rural Senegal which continues to help countless lives.

As the head of US Doctors for Africa, I had the great privilege to work with many high profile organizations and personalities – including President Clinton and his Foundation, The United Nations, the United States Health & Human Services, the African Union, Stanford University, Columbia University, the RAND Corporation, the World Health Organization, African heads of state, Hollywood celebrities, religious leaders, educators, pharmaceutical executives, and many others across the United States and throughout the world. I also had the honor of playing a pivotal role in the formation of the African Union Foundation as an advisor to former AU Chairperson Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma.

My team and I have received numerous honors and recognitions throughout the 19 years that I had been running US Doctors for Africa – including the prestigious United Nations’ Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award, Columbia University’ The Harriet Tubman Freedom & Lifetime Achievement Award, recognitions from the African Union, White House, the State Department, the British government, the WHO, and other notable organizations and leaders. In short, my career demonstrates an unwavering commitment to leveraging diplomacy and business acumen for the betterment of underserved communities.

How did you begin your journey in American politics? How challenging was it to grow to the level of running for congressional office?

My journey into American politics as a congressional candidate was a pioneering and ambitious move, particularly given my background as an Ethiopian-born naturalized citizen of the United States.

In 2018, I decided to run as an Independent Conservative candidate for California’s 39th Congressional District, aiming to become the first Ethiopian-born US Congressman. My candidacy highlighted my deep involvement in both local and national efforts, including and working on pressing issues such as quality and affordable healthcare, tackling the immigration crisis and a pathway to citizenship for millions of undocumented immigrants, unemployment, and lowering taxes.

Running for Congress as an independent in a historically Democratic stronghold presented unique challenges. The district had been represented by the same party for nearly 40 years, and my campaign sought to leverage widespread dissatisfaction with the two-party system.  My platform emphasized bridging community and international issues, advocating for healthcare reform and immigrant rights. Additionally, I highlighted my extensive experience collaborating with organizations like the Clinton Foundation and the World Health Organization.

My campaign also marked a significant milestone in representing diverse voices in American politics, although it underscored the inherent difficulties for independent candidates in gaining traction in deeply partisan districts. However, my journey inspired others, particularly from immigrant communities, to aspire to leadership positions despite systemic barriers.

What is your relationship with the Ethiopian diaspora community in the US like? Tell us about your involvement with the Republican party, your previous congressional candidacy, and current political activities. How did you make the choice between the Republican and Democratic parties?

As an Ethiopian-American, I chose to support the Republican Party and Donald Trump during the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections, motivated by a combination of ideological alignment and strategic considerations for Africa.

My support reflects my perspective on the importance of the US’ role in global geopolitics, particularly concerning Africa. I believe that Trump’s campaign promises, emphasizing national sovereignty and strong international policies, could align with the Ethiopian-American community’s desire for equitable and non-interventionist US policies toward Ethiopia, especially amid the political challenges in the region at the time.

Additionally, I view Trump’s stance on issues such as economic empowerment and foreign relations as compatible with his vision of fostering stronger ties between Africa and the United States. By supporting President Trump and the Republican Party, I aim to advocate for policies that would strengthen Africa’s standing on the global stage.

How do you see Ethiopians’ bargaining power and influence in American politics, including their role in elections and lobbying efforts, and patterns of party affiliation within US politics? What roles do Ethiopians in America play in American politics both as voters and as elected officials? 

Ethiopians in America have steadily grown in influence as voters, particularly in Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Colorado, Texas, and California, where the largest Ethiopian population outside Ethiopia resides.  Their high density in the capital, Washington, DC, also enables the community to be a key voting bloc with potential sway in local and federal elections. In these regions,nEthiopian-Americans have engaged in local governance, community organizing, and advocacy, often addressing issues like immigration policy, US-Ethiopia relations, and economic opportunities for diasporic communities.

Several diaspora organizations continue to amplify the community’s political voice, advocating for strong US-Ethiopia relations and mobilizing Ethiopian-Americans around key electoral issues. In addition to participating as voters, Ethiopians in America have also made strides in holding public office. Across the country, Ethiopian-American entrepreneurs and leaders contribute to political campaigns and civic initiatives, showcasing the community’s growing integration into American political life.

How does the size of the Ethiopian community in the US compare to other national groups and the extent of their influence? What are US officials’ perception of this population? Do you think Ethiopians in America are leveraging their voting power (and the influence of elected Ethiopians in America) to influence American foreign policy towards Ethiopia? 

The Ethiopian community in the United States, with a population estimated at over 450,000, is among the largest African immigrant groups. Concentrated in areas such as Washington, DC, California, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Texas, and Colorado– Ethiopian Americans play a significant role in both local and national politics. In Washington, DC., the Ethiopian community is a particularly visible and influential group, often engaging in advocacy for policies beneficial to Ethiopia and the diaspora. Similarly, communities in California, particularly around Los Angeles, have established significant cultural and political networks that enhance our visibility and lobbying potential.

Despite the size and presence however, the influence of Ethiopian Americans on US foreign policy toward Ethiopia is not as prominent as it could be. While some members of the diaspora, including elected officials and prominent activists have a strong voice, the community’s overall impact on policy remains limited. This may stem from the challenge of unifying diverse political and social interests within the diaspora. Still, Ethiopians are leveraging their voting power increasingly, as seen in efforts to sway local elections and influence broader US policy toward Africa. As the diaspora continues to grow and organize, its potential to shape foreign policy and address issues affecting Ethiopia is expected to increase.

Can you give us an overview of the role Ethiopians play in US politics, the economy, and government, including the administrative, judicial, and executive branches?

Ethiopians in the United States have the potential to significantly contribute across various sectors of American society, particularly in politics, the economy, and government. Their Influence extends beyond their growing numbers to their active roles in shaping policy, fostering international relations, and advancing community-driven initiatives.

In politics, Ethiopian Americans have engaged as both voters and candidates. Figures like myself and other candidates have attempted to make history by running for congressional seats, showcasing the community’s growing ambition and political integration. Beyond candidacies, Ethiopian-Americans have begun leveraging their voting power, particularly in states with substantial Ethiopian populations like California and the DMV area.  This influence can extend to lobbying for favorable US foreign policies toward Ethiopia.

Economically, the Ethiopian-American community contributes through entrepreneurship, the service industry, and by creating cross-border business links. Many Ethiopian-American-owned businesses thrive in metropolitan areas, and their success fosters stronger ties between the US and Ethiopia through trade and investment. In government, members of the Ethiopian diaspora have taken administrative and advisory roles, potentially influencing decisions related to Africa policy and global health initiatives.

How do you view the recent US elections and the voting power of Ethiopians and Africans in general?

The recent election highlighted the importance of diverse voter demographics in shaping political outcomes, with the landslide victory of the President-elect attributed to the resonance of their inclusive message across the United States’ mosaic of cultures. Ethiopian Americans, along with other African communities, played a meaningful role in this process. Their concentrated presence in key ‘swing states’ such as Michigan, Georgia, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania gave them leverage in influencing tightly contested electoral outcomes. Their political engagement continues to grow, with voter mobilization efforts reflecting their increasing awareness of their collective influence.

The Ethiopian American community, with several hundreds of thousands of eligible voters, has begun to strategically align their political choices with both domestic priorities and foreign policy concerns related to Ethiopia. Issues such as human rights, democracy, and economic development in Ethiopia are among the factors shaping their voting patterns. This election underscores the community’s power to advocate for policies that bridge their dual identities asAmericans and advocates for Ethiopia’s welfare.

Regardless of which party comes to power, both Republicans and Democrats prioritize national interests. How do each of these parties approach the Horn of Africa, and Ethiopia in particular?

The United States’ approach to the Horn of Africa reflects the differing philosophies of its two dominant political parties, but both share a fundamental focus on advancing US national interests such as stability, counterterrorism, and economic partnerships and Ethiopia has been a key strategic partner in that regard.  Over that last several years however, the United States seems to be disengaging itself and forming closer ties with Kenya.  It’s imperative to not lose the US as a strategic partner and I do hope that Ethiopia would take the extra steps to rebuild and further strengthen its partnership regardless of which party is in charge of governing the country.

The Republican Party typically emphasizes national security and economic opportunities when engaging with Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. Under Republican administrations, the US has often prioritized Ethiopia’s strategic role in counterterrorism operations in East Africa, particularly against groups like Al-Shabaab in Somalia. Republicans also advocate for fostering trade relationships, aligning with a market-driven perspective that emphasizes private sector investments. Ethiopia’s participation in security alliances, such as the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), aligns well with Republican priorities on regional stability and counterterrorism.

With regard to the Democratic Party, while similarly focused on US security interests, I believe that it tends to place more emphasis on human rights, democracy, and governance in its foreign policy approach to Ethiopia. Democratic administrations have often been vocal about political reform, press freedom, and inclusivity in governance. US aid under Democratic leadership often seems to tie  development assistance to progress in these areas, reflecting the party’s belief in using diplomacy to promote shared values alongside strategic interests.

It’s imperative for African nations to adopt people-centered policies that serve their citizen’s needs. This involves balancing external relations with domestic priorities such as economic development, poverty reduction, healthcare, and education. African governments have an opportunity to engage with US policymakers by presenting initiatives that align with mutual interests—whether security-focused under Republicans or governance-focused under Democrats. Ethiopia’s active diaspora in the US plays a critical role in shaping this dynamic, advocating for policies that bridge the interests of Ethiopia and the US.

What potential policy shifts might Trump bring to Africa, the Horn region, and the recognition of Somaliland; as well as the rift between Egypt and Ethiopia in particular? How do you evaluate Ethiopia’s foreign policy approaches? What are your recommendations for Ethiopia in handling its internal stability issues, regaining its regional role in stabilization, and emerging on the global stage? 

The return of Donald Trump to the presidency could signal significant shifts in US foreign policy not only towards Africa, but also globally. Trump’s ‘America First’ approach suggests a focus on strategic interests, counterterrorism, and reducing China’s influence on the continent.

While previous initiatives aimed to boost US-Africa trade, Trump’s second term advisors are likely to push for increased support for nations deemed strategically aligned with US goals, potentially including military aid and economic partnerships. Specific to the Horn of Africa, it’s possible that Trump may adopt a similar stand as Joe Biden when it comes to Somaliland. However, it’s also imperative for the Trump administration to understand the need for Ethiopia’s access to the sea and I do hope that this critical matter is resolved through diplomatic means as neither Ethiopia nor Somalia could afford a military conflict over this particular issue.

With regards to resolving the ever-complicated rift with Egypt, it is possible that the incoming Trump administration could once again end up playing a mediation role. Although Trump appeared to have bias towards Egypt during the last round of negotiations, Ethiopia needs to be fully prepared for a similar possibility and must send well equipped and qualified negotiators who speak well and articulate their case in order to defend Ethiopia’s interest. Trump is a deal maker.  He is not your typical politician who likes to beat around the bush.  It is imperative to keep that in mind if a second negotiation ever takes place with the Trump team. It is worth mentioning that Ethiopia and the United States enjoy over 100 years of diplomatic relations and for decades, Ethiopia has been a reliable and strategically important partner to the security and stability of the Horn and the Red Sea region. 

What do you make of Trump’s previous derogatory remarks about African nations, and their possible impact on his approach to Africa in a possible second term? Do you think US politicians are unhappy with Ethiopia’s accession to BRICS? Has Washington enacted major policy changes towards Ethiopia following the northern war and the MoU with Somaliland? 

The US Government has no reason to be offended by Ethiopia’s choice to join BRICS nations. Ethiopia has every right to take actions as it sees fit.  As the global economic and military power however, the United States will continue to dominate the world’s economy and the rest of the world will continue to stand with the US and the west as a whole. With regards to the conflict in northern Ethiopia and the MoU with Somaliland, there haven’t been any major policy changes by the United States that I am aware of.  We certainly have witnessed various expressions of concern by US policymakers and the State Department as well as other global players about Ethiopia’s strategic move to formalize a port deal with Somaliland.  I do hope that this critical matter is resolved quickly and diplomatically with all stakeholders onboard.

Do you expect the Trump presidency to make policy adjustments toward Africa to address Chinese influence on the continent? Do you think US policy towards Africa arises from African priorities or Washington’s priority of outdoing China and Russia on African soil? 

As we look at US policy toward Africa, particularly in the context of Ethiopia, several shifts are taking place due to competition with China and strategic interests. Under the previous Trump administration, the United States took a more security-focused approach in Africa, with an emphasis on countering China’s growing influence on the continent. Trump’s administration had launched initiatives like ‘Prosper Africa’ in order to support American businesses, with an eye on ensuring Africa’s economic future is aligned with US interests, such as securing critical minerals necessary for technology and defense. Additionally, Trump’s policies critiqued China’s Involvement in Africa, accusing Beijing of using predatory practices, like corrupt deals and opaque contracts to gain leverage.

For his second term, we may see a continuation of these policies with an even greater focus on countering Chinese and Russian influence in Africa, particularly in countries that are seen as strategically important. This is due to the US and China’s competition for resources, such as minerals crucial for military technology. However, experts also speculate that Trump’s foreign policy in Africa may focus on fewer countries, with a continued emphasis on national security interests rather than broad engagement.

For Ethiopians in the US, it’s crucial to leverage their voting power to influence policies that reflect their interests. With every election cycle at all levels of government including school board races, it is vital for eligible Ethiopian-Americans to register, vote, and actively engage in politics to ensure their voices are heard. Ethiopians should also finance political candidates who represent their values and interests, fostering a strong presence in American public office. Only US citizens and permanent legal residents (green card holders with permanent status) are eligible to contribute to political campaigns. By supporting individuals who are committed to both their local community and global diplomacy, they can have a meaningful impact not only on domestic policy but also on US foreign policy regarding Ethiopia and the continent as a whole.